Also flagged:adenosine receptoramino acidtheophyllineamino acidsoligopeptidesxanthine
Journal Article1986-02-01No SnippetsJacobson KA, Kirk KL, Padgett WL, Daly JW.
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1,3-Dipropyl-8-phenylxanthine, a synthetic analog of theophylline and a potent antagonist of adenosine at A1 and A2-adenosine receptors, has been attached covalently through a functionalized chain to amino acids and oligopeptides. The xanthine conjugates have been studied as competitive inhibitors of the specific binding of [3H]N6-cyclohexyladenosine to A1-receptors of rat cerebral cortical membranes and for inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation elicited by 2-chloroadenosine in guinea pig brain slices through A2-receptors. A free amino group on the extended chain generally resulted in high potency at A1-receptors. The potency (in some cases extending into the subnanomolar range) and selectivity for A1-receptors (up to 200-fold) suggest that this approach can yield a versatile class of "functionalized congeners" of adenosine receptor antagonists in which distal modifications of the attached moiety ("carrier") can serve also to improve pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters. The water solubility in many of the more potent analogs has been enhanced by two orders of magnitude over that of simple, uncharged 8-phenyl xanthine derivatives. Analogs in which the carrier contains D-tyrosine have potential for development of iodinated radioligands for adenosine receptors. The functionalized congener approach is potentially applicable to other drugs and for development of prodrugs.
Also flagged:chromosomemajor histocompatibility complexMHCMetaphaserestriction enzyme
Journal Article1986-02-01No SnippetsWeis JH, Seidman JG, Housman DE, Nelson DL.
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We recently developed a procedure for the molecular analysis of specific mammalian chromosomal fragments. This procedure allows for the transfer of contiguous chromosomal fragments, varying in size from a fraction to several centimorgans in length, from the donor cell of one species into a recipient cell of a different species. Specifically, we inserted a neor gene, encoded by a recombinant retrovirus, into the murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Metaphase chromosome transfers with this neor-tagged chromosome into recipient hamster, primate, and canine fibroblasts produced a panel of primary neor transferents, each containing a portion of, or all of, the murine MHC. A cosmid library was made from one such transferent, CHMD(D)B1. Cosmid clones were divided, using species-specific repeat probes, into those containing murine (donor) DNA sequences and those containing sequences derived from the recipient cell. The murine-specific cosmids were clustered into overlapping DNA segments by restriction enzyme digest analysis of the cosmid DNAs coupled with Southern blot analysis with, as probes, murine-specific repeat sequences and nick-translated murine genomic DNA. These cosmid clusters were analyzed for their position within or outside of the MHC, using recombinant mouse strains, and for the presence within them of known murine MHC genes.